Force Equivalent to 10 Compressed Elephants Found Inside a Proton

Protons are the key building blocks of all matter, yet their internal structure, composed of quarks, continues to raise many questions.

Traditional research methods have been unable to measure the force that binds quarks together. To uncover the forces within a proton, the study authors used a computational technique called lattice quantum chromodynamics (Lattice QCD). The findings of this study have been published in the journal Physical Review Letters.

Understanding the interactions within protons is crucial for nuclear physics and theoretical models, as it can enhance the accuracy of high-energy experiments. To address this, an international team of researchers conducted a study aimed at mapping the forces acting inside the proton.

“For the first time, we have made the invisible forces within the proton visible, bridging the gap between theory and experiment,” said one of the study’s authors, Associate Professor Richard Young from the University of Adelaide.

To identify these forces, the researchers employed a technique known as lattice quantum chromodynamics (Lattice QCD). This method utilizes powerful supercomputers to model the interactions of quarks and gluons.

Instead of directly observing the particles, which is a challenging task, the scientists constructed a virtual lattice, dividing space and time into small, discrete points. This approach enables them to use complex equations to simulate the interactions inside the proton.

The results revealed that the forces acting within a proton can reach up to half a million newtons.

“That’s equivalent to the weight of about 10 elephants compressed into a volume much smaller than an atomic nucleus,” explained lead researcher Joshua Crawford, a PhD student at the University of Adelaide.

Understanding the internal dynamics of protons represents a significant step forward in the study of nuclear and particle physics. This research could pave the way for future discoveries, potentially leading to more efficient nuclear reactors, new materials, and advanced cancer treatments.

For instance, proton therapy, a cancer treatment that uses high-energy protons to target tumors, could benefit from a deeper understanding of proton behavior, improving the precision of these treatments.

“Just as early discoveries about light led to the development of modern lasers, expanding our knowledge of the proton’s structure could unlock new possibilities in science and medicine,” Young added.